Le Futur Antérieur
Le futur antérieur – the French future perfect – describes an action that will be finished before another future moment. This step-by-step guide shows you when to use it, how to form it, and how to avoid common mistakes.
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1) What it means (in one line)Think “will have + past participle.”
Use it when one future action comes first and is already complete before another future action. |
2) When to use the futur antérieur1. Future-before-future (anteriority)
2. Future cause, future result
3. Polite/soft assumption about a past event (probability)
TEF/TCF tip: In sentences with quand, lorsque, dès que, aussitôt que, une fois que, après que, the clause that happens first often takes futur antérieur, and the later clause takes futur simple. |
3) How to form it (3 steps)Formula: subject + auxiliary (avoir/être) in futur simple + past participle Step 1 — Choose the auxiliary:
Step 2 — Put the auxiliary in the futur simple:
Step 3 — Add the past participle:
Agreement rules (same as passé composé):
Negation: place ne…pas around the auxiliary.
Questions: use est-ce que, inversion, or intonation.
Reflexive verbs: always with être.
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4) Timeline logic you can reuseEarlier future (completed) Later future [futur antérieur] → [futur simple] J’aurai fini → tu arriveras Say the earlier action out loud first—if it feels “already done” by the time the second action happens, use futur antérieur for the first one. |
5) Common connectors (great exam signals)
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6) Mini conjugation models
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7) 10 clear examples (with translations)
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8) Frequent mistakes (and quick fixes)
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9) Micro-checklist before you choose the tense
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Final takeawayUse futur antérieur to show an action completed before another future event. Build it with futur simple of avoir/être + past participle, and watch the agreement just like in the passé composé. If you can say it in English with “will have + participle,” you’re probably on the right track in French. |
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